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CARIM's Confidential Contact Persons

CARIM's Confidential Contact Persons

27 November 2024

Dr Magdi Nagy (Dept of Biochemistry) and Prof. Peter de Leeuw (Dept of Internal Medicine) have been appointed as CARIM Confidential Contact Persons.

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ZonMw grant on appropriate palliative care

ZonMw grant on appropriate palliative care

27 November 2024

Prof. Marc Hemmelder (Dept of Internal Medicine) and his team received a ZonMw grant to promote early palliative care for dialysis patients who are non-waitlisted for transplantation.

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Carim Maastricht
Carim Maastricht

Leon Schurgers

Professor

Initially trained in clinical chemistry and hematology at the University of Applied Science, Prof. Leon Schurgers obtained his PhD at the Department of Biochemistry within CARIM on the role of vitamin K1 and K2 on bone metabolism and cardiovascular disease. He worked as post-doc on a Dutch Heart Foundation grant on the role of matrix Gla-protein synthesized by vascular smooth muscle cell and calcification in collaboration with the group of Prof. Catherine Shanahan (Cambridge, UK).

In 2009, he was appointed on a tenured position at the Department of Biochemistry. After entering the Toptalent programme (Maastricht UMC+) in 2016, he was appointed as Professor of Biochemistry of Vascular Calcification in 2017. He is vice-chair of the department of Biochemistry. Since 2021, he chairs the stem cell research facility of the University of Maastricht (SCRUM).

The focus of his current work is elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which vascular remodelling is initiated and propagated. Key cellular events include phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the role of oxidative stress, extracellular vesicles and calcification. In this, he collaborates closely with the Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Surgery departments of the Heart and Vessel Center (HVC) of the Maastricht University Medical Center. Patient derived primary SMCs are isolated from vascular tissue and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are generated from patient derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These iPSCs are used to differentiate into patient specific cardiovascular cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) to study cardiovascular disease.

The underlying causes of SMC phenotypic switching are insufficient to understand the pathogenesis of vascular ageing and calcification at a level that allows development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. In his project line, the Schurgers’ group aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of vitamin K-metabolism in health and vascular disease. Importantly, this work will help to understand the paradoxal observation that patients with low vitamin K-status during oral anticoagulant treatment develop enhanced vascular calcification and our results might provide new insights in prognostic and preventive measures to combat vascular ageing.

Professor Schurgers is Chairman of the steering scientific board on the world-wide quality assurance scheme for vitamin K detection and member of the scientific advisory boards of the Dutch Thrombosis Society.

Leon-schurgers

Department of Biochemistry
Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht
PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht
Room number: 4.314
T: +31(0)43 388 16 80

  • 2015
    • van der Vorst, E. P. C., Jeurissen, M., Wolfs, I. M. J., Keijbeck, A., Theodorou, K., Wijnands, E., Schurgers, L., Weber, S., Gijbels, M. J., Hamers, A. A. J., Dreymueller, D., Rose-John, S., de Winther, M. P. J., Ludwig, A., Saftig, P., Biessen, E. A. L., & Donners, M. M. P. C. (2015). Myeloid A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 10 Deficiency Modulates Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition by Shifting the Balance from Inflammation toward Fibrosis. American Journal of Pathology, 185(4), 1145-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.028
  • 2014
    • Schurgers, L. J., & Spronk, H. M. H. (2014). Differential cellular effects of old and new oral anticoagulants: consequences to the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 112(5), 909-917. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH14-03-0268
    • Burgmaier, M., Schutters, K., Willems, B., Van der Vorst, E. P. C., Kusters, D., Chatrou, M., Norling, L., Biessen, E. A. L., Cleutjens, J., Perretti, M., Schurgers, L. J., & Reutelingsperger, C. (2014). AnxA5 reduces plaque inflammation of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 18(10), 2117-2124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12374
    • Krueger, T., Schlieper, G., Schurgers, L., Cornelis, T., Cozzolino, M., Jacobi, J., Jadoul, M., Ketteler, M., Rump, L. C., Stenvinkel, P., Westenfeld, R., Wiecek, A., Reinartz, S., Hilgers, R.-D., & Floege, J. (2014). Vitamin K1 to slow vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients (VitaVasK trial): a rationale and study protocol. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 29(9), 1633-1638. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft459
    • Willems, B. A. G., Vermeer, C., Reutelingsperger, C. P. M., & Schurgers, L. J. (2014). The realm of vitamin K dependent proteins: Shifting from coagulation toward calcification. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 58(8), 1620-1635. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201300743
    • Li, Q., Brodsky, J. L., Conlin, L. K., Pawel, B., Glatz, A. C., Gafni, R. I., Schurgers, L., Uitto, J., Hakonarson, H., Deardorff, M. A., & Levine, M. A. (2014). Mutations in the ABCC6 Gene as a Cause of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy: Genotypic Overlap with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 134(3), 658-665. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.370
    • Ungethüm, L., Chatrou, M., Kusters, D., Schurgers, L., & Reutelingsperger, C. P. (2014). Molecular imaging of cell death in tumors. Increasing annexin A5 size reduces contribution of phosphatidylserine-targeting function to tumor uptake. PLOS ONE, 9(5), e96749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096749
  • 2013
    • Boraldi, F., Garcia-Fernandez, M., Paolinelli-deVincenzi, C., Annovi, G., Schurgers, L., Vermeer, C., Cianciulli, P., Ronchetti, I., & Quaglino, D. (2013). Ectopic calcification in beta-thalassemia patients is associated with increased oxidative stress and lower MGP carboxylation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1832(12), 2077-2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.017
    • Krueger, T., Oelenberg, S., Kaesler, N., Schurgers, L. J., van de Sandt, A. M., Boor, P., Schlieper, G., Brandenburg, V. M., Fekete, B. C., Veulemans, V., Ketteler, M., Vermeer, C., Jahnen-Dechent, W., Floege, J., & Westenfeld, R. (2013). Warfarin Induces Cardiovascular Damage in Mice. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 33(11), 2618-2624. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302244
    • Brandenburg, V. M., Kramann, R., Koos, R., Krueger, T., Schurgers, L., Muehlenbruch, G., Huebner, S., Gladziwa, U., Drechsler, C., & Ketteler, M. (2013). Relationship between sclerostin and cardiovascular calcification in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Bmc Nephrology, 14(1), Article 219. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-14-219
    • Theuwissen, E., Teunissen, K. J., Spronk, H. M. H., Hamulyak, K., Ten Cate, H., Shearer, M. J., Vermeer, C., & Schurgers, L. J. (2013). Effect of low-dose supplements of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K-2) on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationship in healthy volunteers. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 11(6), 1085-1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12203
    • Dalmeijer, G. W., van der Schouw, Y. T., Vermeer, C., Magdeleyns, E. J., Schurgers, L. J., & Beulens, J. W. J. (2013). Circulating matrix Gla protein is associated with coronary artery calcification and vitamin K status in healthy women. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24(4), 624-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.012
    • Boraldi, F., Annovi, G., Vermeer, C., Schurgers, L. J., Trenti, T., Tiozzo, R., Guerra, D., & Quaglino, D. (2013). Matrix Gla Protein and Alkaline Phosphatase Are Differently Modulated in Human Dermal Fibroblasts from PXE Patients and Controls. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(4), 946-954. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.460
    • Kramann, R., Brandenburg, V. M., Schurgers, L. J., Ketteler, M., Westphal, S., Leisten, I., Bovi, M., Jahnen-Dechent, W., Knuechel, R., Floege, J., & Schneider, R. K. (2013). Novel insights into osteogenesis and matrix remodelling associated with calcific uraemic arteriolopathy. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 28(4), 856-868. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs466
    • Schurgers, L. J., Uitto, J., & Reutelingsperger, C. P. (2013). Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: a crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 19(4), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.008
    • Li, Q., Guo, H., Chou, D. W., Harrington, D. J., Schurgers, L. J., Terry, S. F., & Uitto, J. (2013). Warfarin Accelerates Ectopic Mineralization in Abcc6(-/-) Mice Clinical Relevance to Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. American Journal of Pathology, 182(4), 1139-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.037
    • Schutters, K., Kusters, D. H. M., Chatrou, M. L. L., Montero-Melendez, T., Donners, M., Deckers, N. M., Krysko, D. V., Vandenabeele, P., Perretti, M., Schurgers, L. J., & Reutelingsperger, C. P. M. (2013). Cell surface-expressed phosphatidylserine as therapeutic target to enhance phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Cell Death and Differentiation, 20(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.107
  • 2012
    • Brandenburg, V., Al-Fakhri, N., Nemeth, K., Goettsch, C., Schurgers, L. J., Vermeer, C., Hofbauer, L. C., & Schoppet, M. (2012). Calcification inhibitors in vascular calciphylaxis associated with normal renal function. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 108(6), 1241-3. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH12-07-0484
    • Van de Vijver, P., Schmitt, M., Suylen, D., Scheer, L., Thomassen, M. C. L. G. D., Schurgers, L. J., Griffin, J. H., Koenen, R. R., & Hackeng, T. M. (2012). Incorporation of Disulfide Containing Protein Modules into Multivalent Antigenic Conjugates: Generation of Antibodies against the Thrombin-Sensitive Region of Murine Protein S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(47), 19318-19321. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja306993t
    • Theuwissen, E., Cranenburg, E. C., Knapen, M. H., Magdeleyns, E. J., Teunissen, K. J., Schurgers, L. J., Smit, E., & Vermeer, C. (2012). Low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation improved extra-hepatic vitamin K status, but had no effect on thrombin generation in healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(9), 1652-1657. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511007185
    • Boxma, P. Y., van den Berg, E., Geleijnse, J. M., Laverman, G. D., Schurgers, L. J., Vermeer, C., Kema, I. P., Muskiet, F. A., Navis, G., Bakker, S. J. L., & de Borst, M. H. (2012). Vitamin K Intake and Plasma Desphospho-Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein Levels in Kidney Transplant Recipients. PLOS ONE, 7(10), Article e47991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047991
    • Kusters, D. H. M., Tegtmeier, J., Schurgers, L. J., & Reutelingsperger, C. P. M. (2012). Molecular Imaging to Identify the Vulnerable Plaque-From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Molecular Imaging and Biology, 14(5), 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-012-0586-7
    • Knapen, M. H. J., Schurgers, L. J., Shearer, M. J., Newman, P., Theuwissen, E., & Vermeer, C. (2012). Association of vitamin K status with adiponectin and body composition in healthy subjects: uncarboxylated osteocalcin is not associated with fat mass and body weight. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(6), 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451100626X
    • Cranenburg, E. C. M., Schurgers, L. J., Uiterwijk, H. H., Beulens, J. W. J., Dalmeijer, G. W., Westerhuis, R., Magdeleyns, E. J., Herfs, M., Vermeer, C., & Laverman, G. D. (2012). Vitamin K intake and status are low in hemodialysis patients. Kidney International, 82(5), 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2012.191
    • Schurgers, L. J., Joosen, I. A., Laufer, E. M., Chatrou, M. L. L., Herfs, M., Winkens, M. H. M., Westenfeld, R., Veulemans, V., Krueger, T., Shanahan, C. M., Jahnen-Dechent, W., Biessen, E., Narula, J., Vermeer, C., Hofstra, L., & Reutelingsperger, C. P. (2012). Vitamin K-Antagonists Accelerate Atherosclerotic Calcification and Induce a Vulnerable Plaque Phenotype. PLOS ONE, 7(8), Article e43229. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043229
    • Chatrou, M. L. L., Winckers, K., Hackeng, T. M., Reutelingsperger, C. P. M., & Schurgers, L. J. (2012). Vascular calcification: The price to pay for anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K-antagonists. Blood Reviews, 26(4), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2012.03.002
    • Westenfeld, R., Krueger, T., Schlieper, G., Cranenburg, E. C. M., Magdeleyns, E. J. P., Heidenreich, S., Holzmann, S., Vermeer, C., Jahnen-Dechent, W., Ketteler, M., Floege, J., & Schurgers, L. J. (2012). Effect of Vitamin K-2 Supplementation on Functional Vitamin K Deficiency in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 59(2), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.10.041
  • 2011
    • Vanakker, O. M., Leroy, B. P., Schurgers, L. J., Vermeer, C., Coucke, P. J., & De Paepe, A. (2011). Atypical Presentation of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum With Abdominal Cutis Laxa: Evidence for a Spectrum of Ectopic Calcification Disorders?American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 155A(11), 2855-2859. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.34264
    • Chatrou, M. L. L., Reutelingsperger, C. P., & Schurgers, L. J. (2011). Role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in the arterial vessel wall. Hämostaseologie, 31(4), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.5482/ha-1157
    • Gorgels, T. G. M. F., Waarsing, J. H., Herfs, M., Versteeg, D., Schoensiegel, F., Sato, T., Schlingemann, R. O., Ivandic, B., Vermeer, C., Schurgers, L. J., & Bergen, A. A. B. (2011). Vitamin K supplementation increases vitamin K tissue levels but fails to counteract ectopic calcification in a mouse model for pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 89(11), 1125-1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-011-0782-y
    • Weijs, B., Blaauw, Y., Rennenberg, R. J. M. W., Schurgers, L. J., Timmermans, C. C. M. M., Pison, L., Nieuwlaat, R., Hofstra, L., Kroon, A. A., Wildberger, J., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2011). Patients using vitamin K antagonists show increased levels of coronary calcification: an observational study in low-risk atrial fibrillation patients. European Heart Journal, 32(20), 2555-2562. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr226
    • Ueland, T., Dahl, C. P., Gullestad, L., Aakhus, S., Broch, K., Skardal, R., Vermeer, C., Aukrust, P., & Schurgers, L. J. (2011). Circulating levels of non-phosphorylated undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein are associated with disease severity in patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical Science, 121(3-4), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20100589
    • Kapustin, A. N., Davies, J. D., Reynolds, J. L., McNair, R., Jones, G. T., Sidibe, A., Schurgers, L. J., Skepper, J. N., Proudfoot, D., Mayr, M., & Shanahan, C. M. (2011). Calcium Regulates Key Components of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Matrix Vesicles to Enhance Mineralization. Circulation Research, 109(1), E1-U41. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.238808
    • Cranenburg, E. C. M., van Spaendonck-Zwarts, K. Y., Bonafe, L., Crettol, L. M., Rodiger, L. A., Dikkers, F. G., van Essen, A. J., Superti-Furga, A., Alexandrakis, E., Vermeer, C., Schurgers, L. J., & Laverman, G. D. (2011). Circulating matrix gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (MGP) species are refractory to vitamin K treatment in a new case of Keutel syndrome. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 9(6), 1225-1235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04263.x
    • Roijers, R. B., Debernardi, N., Cleutjens, J. P. M., Schurgers, L. J., Mutsaers, P. H. A., & van der Vusse, G. J. (2011). Microcalcifications in Early Intimal Lesions of Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries. American Journal of Pathology, 178(6), 2879-2887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.02.004
    • Noordzij, M., Cranenburg, E. M., Engelsman, L. F., Hermans, M. M. H., Boeschoten, E. W., Brandenburg, V. M., Bos, W. J., Kooman, J. P., Dekker, F. W., Ketteler, M., Schurgers, L. J., Krediet, R. T., & Korevaar, J. C. (2011). Progression of aortic calcification is associated with disorders of mineral metabolism and mortality in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 26(5), 1662-1669. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq582
    • Jiang, Q., Li, Q., Grand-Pierre, A. E., Schurgers, L. J., & Uitto, J. (2011). Administration of vitamin K does not counteract the ectopic mineralization of connective tissues in Abcc6(-/-) mice, a model for pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Cell Cycle, 10(4), 701-707. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.10.4.14862
    • Schlieper, G., Westenfeld, R., Krueger, T., Cranenburg, E. C., Magdeleyns, E. J. P., Brandenburg, V. M., Djuric, Z., Damjanovic, T., Ketteler, M., Vermeer, C., Dimkovic, N., Floege, J., & Schurgers, L. J. (2011). Circulating Nonphosphorylated Carboxylated Matrix Gla Protein Predicts Survival in ESRD. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 22(2), 387-395. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2010040339
  • 2010
    • van Hasselt, P. M., de Vries, W., de Vries, E., Kok, K., Cranenburg, E. C. M., de Koning, T. J., Schurgers, L. J., Verkade, H. J., & Houwen, R. H. J. (2010). Hydrolysed Formula Is a Risk Factor for Vitamin K Deficiency in Infants With Unrecognised Cholestasis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 51(6), 773-776. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181efb0b3
    • Hristova, M., van Beek, C., Schurgers, L. J., Lanske, B., & Danziger, J. (2010). Rapidly Progressive Severe Vascular Calcification Sparing the Kidney Allograft Following Warfarin Initiation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 56(6), 1158-1162. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.06.017
    • Ueland, T., Gullestad, L., Dahl, C. P., Aukrust, P., Aakhus, S., Solberg, O. G., Vermeer, C., & Schurgers, L. J. (2010). Undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein is associated with indices of heart failure and mortality in symptomatic aortic stenosis. Journal of Internal Medicine, 268(5), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02264.x
    • Cranenburg, E. C. M., Koos, R., Schurgers, L. J., Magdeleyns, E. J. P., Schoonbrood, T. H. M., Landewe, R. B., Brandenburg, V. M., Bekers, O., & Vermeer, C. (2010). Characterisation and potential diagnostic value of circulating matrix Gla protein (MGP) species. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 104(4), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH09-11-0786
    • Wallin, R., Schurgers, L. J., & Loeser, R. F. (2010). Biosynthesis of the vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) in chondrocytes: a fetuin-MGP protein complex is assembled in vesicles shed from normal but not from osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 18(8), 1096-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.013
    • Cosemans, J. M. E. M., Van Kruchten, R., Olieslagers, S., Schurgers, L. J., Verheyen, F. K., Munnix, I. C. A., Waltenberger, J., Angelillo-Scherrer, A., Hoylaerts, M. F., Carmeliet, P., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (2010). Potentiating role of Gas6 and Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptors in human and murine platelet activation and thrombus stabilization. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 8(8), 1797-1808. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03935.x
    • Rennenberg, R. J. M. W., van Varik, B. J., Schurgers, L. J., Hamulyak, K., ten Cate, H., Leiner, T., Vermeer, C., de Leeuw, P. W., & Kroon, A. A. (2010). Chronic coumarin treatment is associated with increased extracoronary arterial calcification in humans. Blood, 115(24), 5121-5123. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-264598
    • Vanakker, O. M., Martin, L., Schurgers, L. J., Quaglino, D., Costrop, L., Vermeer, C., Pasquali-Ronchetti, I., Coucke, P. J., & De Paepe, A. (2010). Low serum vitamin K in PXE results in defective carboxylation of mineralization inhibitors similar to the GGCX mutations in the PXE-like syndrome. Laboratory Investigation, 90(6), 895-905. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2010.68
    • Parker, B. D., Schurgers, L. J., Brandenburg, V. M., Christenson, R. H., Vermeer, C., Ketteler, M., Shlipak, M. G., Whooley, M. A., & Ix, J. H. (2010). The Associations of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein With Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(10), 640-648. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00004
    • Parker, B. D., Schurgers, L. J., Vermeer, C., Schiller, N. B., Whooley, M. A., & Ix, J. H. (2010). The association of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein with mitral annular calcification differs by diabetes status: The Heart and Soul study. Atherosclerosis, 210(1), 320-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.023
    • Schlieper, G., Grotemeyer, D., Aretz, A., Schurgers, L. J., Krueger, T., Rehbein, H., Weirich, T. E., Westenfeld, R., Brandenburg, V. M., Eitner, F., Mayer, J., Floege, J., Sandmann, W., & Ketteler, M. (2010). Analysis of Calcifications in Patients with Coral Reef Aorta. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 24(3), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2009.11.006
    • Rennenberg, R. J. M. W., de Leeuw, P. W., Kessels, A. G. H., Schurgers, L. J., Vermeer, C., van Engelshoven, J. M. A., Kemerink, G. J., & Kroon, A. A. (2010). Calcium scores and matrix Gla protein levels: association with vitamin K status. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 40(4), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02275.x
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